bring server files into project.

.gitignore

@@ -21,3 +21,6 @@ Thumbs.db
 # Vite
 vite.config.js.timestamp-*
 vite.config.ts.timestamp-*
+
+# Development
+cert

.prettierrc

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 {
 	"useTabs": true,
-	"singleQuote": true,
 	"trailingComma": "none",
 	"printWidth": 100,
 	"plugins": ["prettier-plugin-svelte"],

package-lock.json

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 				"@sveltejs/adapter-auto": "^3.0.0",
 				"@sveltejs/kit": "^2.0.0",
 				"@sveltejs/vite-plugin-svelte": "^4.0.0",
+				"@types/node": "^22.10.7",
 				"eslint": "^9.7.0",
 				"eslint-config-prettier": "^9.1.0",
 				"eslint-plugin-svelte": "^2.36.0",
@@ -1128,6 +1129,16 @@
 			"dev": true,
 			"license": "MIT"
 		},
+		"node_modules/@types/node": {
+			"version": "22.10.7",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/node/-/node-22.10.7.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-V09KvXxFiutGp6B7XkpaDXlNadZxrzajcY50EuoLIpQ6WWYCSvf19lVIazzfIzQvhUN2HjX12spLojTnhuKlGg==",
+			"dev": true,
+			"license": "MIT",
+			"dependencies": {
+				"undici-types": "~6.20.0"
+			}
+		},
 		"node_modules/@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": {
 			"version": "8.20.0",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin/-/eslint-plugin-8.20.0.tgz",
@@ -2568,6 +2579,19 @@
 				"node": ">=8.6"
 			}
 		},
+		"node_modules/micromatch/node_modules/picomatch": {
+			"version": "2.3.1",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/picomatch/-/picomatch-2.3.1.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-JU3teHTNjmE2VCGFzuY8EXzCDVwEqB2a8fsIvwaStHhAWJEeVd1o1QD80CU6+ZdEXXSLbSsuLwJjkCBWqRQUVA==",
+			"dev": true,
+			"license": "MIT",
+			"engines": {
+				"node": ">=8.6"
+			},
+			"funding": {
+				"url": "https://github.com/sponsors/jonschlinkert"
+			}
+		},
 		"node_modules/minimatch": {
 			"version": "3.1.2",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimatch/-/minimatch-3.1.2.tgz",
@@ -2742,13 +2766,15 @@
 			"license": "ISC"
 		},
 		"node_modules/picomatch": {
-			"version": "2.3.1",
+			"version": "4.0.2",
-			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/picomatch/-/picomatch-2.3.1.tgz",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/picomatch/-/picomatch-4.0.2.tgz",
-			"integrity": "sha512-JU3teHTNjmE2VCGFzuY8EXzCDVwEqB2a8fsIvwaStHhAWJEeVd1o1QD80CU6+ZdEXXSLbSsuLwJjkCBWqRQUVA==",
+			"integrity": "sha512-M7BAV6Rlcy5u+m6oPhAPFgJTzAioX/6B0DxyvDlo9l8+T3nLKbrczg2WLUyzd45L8RqfUMyGPzekbMvX2Ldkwg==",
 			"dev": true,
 			"license": "MIT",
+			"optional": true,
+			"peer": true,
 			"engines": {
-				"node": ">=8.6"
+				"node": ">=12"
 			},
 			"funding": {
 				"url": "https://github.com/sponsors/jonschlinkert"
@@ -3432,6 +3458,13 @@
 				"typescript": ">=4.8.4 <5.8.0"
 			}
 		},
+		"node_modules/undici-types": {
+			"version": "6.20.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/undici-types/-/undici-types-6.20.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-Ny6QZ2Nju20vw1SRHe3d9jVu6gJ+4e3+MMpqu7pqE5HT6WsTSlce++GQmK5UXS8mzV8DSYHrQH+Xrf2jVcuKNg==",
+			"dev": true,
+			"license": "MIT"
+		},
 		"node_modules/uri-js": {
 			"version": "4.4.1",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/uri-js/-/uri-js-4.4.1.tgz",

package.json

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 		"@sveltejs/adapter-auto": "^3.0.0",
 		"@sveltejs/kit": "^2.0.0",
 		"@sveltejs/vite-plugin-svelte": "^4.0.0",
+		"@types/node": "^22.10.7",
 		"eslint": "^9.7.0",
 		"eslint-config-prettier": "^9.1.0",
 		"eslint-plugin-svelte": "^2.36.0",

src/hooks.server.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import type { Handle } from "@sveltejs/kit";
+
+export const handle: Handle = async ({ event, resolve }) => {
+	console.log("this got called", event.isSubRequest);
+	return await resolve(event);
+};

src/lib/GameData.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import { hasOnlyKeys, hasProperty } from "./validation";
+import type { Id } from "./server/Id";
+import type { State } from "./State";
+
+export interface GameData {
+	isStarted: boolean;
+	players: Id[];
+	state: State;
+}
+
+export function isGameData(target: unknown): target is GameData {
+	if (!hasProperty(target, "isStarted", "boolean")) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (!hasProperty(target, "players", "string[]")) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// the user cannot update this property, they have to send it as it is, so if we
+	// receive something that isn't a correctly formed state, that will get rejected
+	// anyway (since it won't match what we already have).
+	if (!hasProperty(target, "state", "object")) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return hasOnlyKeys(target, ["players", "isStarted", "state"]);
+}

src/lib/GameEvent.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+import type { GameData } from "$lib/GameData";
+import { getDiceRoll } from "$lib/server/getDiceRoll";
+import type { State } from "$lib/State";
+import { hasOnlyKeys, hasProperty } from "$lib/validation";
+
+export const FIRST_ROLL_LOST = -1;
+export const FIRST_ROLL_PENDING = 0;
+export const GAME_SCORE_THRESHOLD = 10_000;
+
+export enum GameEventKind {
+	SeatPlayers = "SeatPlayers",
+	RollForFirst = "RollForFirst",
+	Roll = "Roll",
+	Hold = "Hold",
+	Score = "Score",
+}
+
+export interface GameEventData {
+	kind: string;
+	player?: number;
+	value?: number | number[];
+}
+
+export interface GameEvent extends GameEventData {
+	run: (state: State) => void;
+}
+
+export function isGameEventData(target: unknown): target is GameEvent {
+	if (typeof target !== "object") {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (!hasProperty(target, "kind", "string")) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// TODO: add checks to make sure that, if it has optional properties, they
+	//       are the correct type.
+	return hasOnlyKeys(target, ["kind", "player", "value"]);
+}
+
+export function getGameEvent(data: GameData, event: GameEventData): GameEvent {
+	switch (event.kind) {
+		case GameEventKind.SeatPlayers:
+			if (event.value !== data.players.length) {
+				throw new Error("must seat all of the players in the game");
+			}
+
+			return new SeatPlayers(event);
+		case GameEventKind.RollForFirst:
+			return new RollForFirst(event);
+		case GameEventKind.Roll:
+			// Obviously a client can't send the roll they want to make. Instead, the
+			// client sends a Roll event with a value representing the number of dice
+			// they intend to roll, and then the server creates an array of that length
+			// with random dice values.
+			if (typeof event.value !== "number") {
+				throw new Error("event must include the number of dice to roll");
+			}
+
+			event.value = getDiceRoll(event.value, Math.random);
+
+			return new Roll(event);
+		case GameEventKind.Hold:
+			return new Hold(event);
+		case GameEventKind.Score:
+			return new Score(event);
+		default:
+			throw new Error(`${event.kind} is not a valid kind of event`);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * SeatPlayers takes a value which represents the number of players who will be playing.
+ * It initializes the scores for that number of players.
+ */
+export class SeatPlayers implements GameEvent {
+	kind: GameEventKind.SeatPlayers;
+	value: number;
+
+	constructor(event: GameEventData) {
+		const value = throwIfNoValueNumber(event);
+
+		this.kind = GameEventKind.SeatPlayers;
+		this.value = value;
+	}
+
+	run(state: State) {
+		throwIfGameOver(state);
+
+		if (state.scores !== undefined) {
+			throw new Error("players already seated!");
+		}
+
+		state.scores = new Array(this.value).fill(FIRST_ROLL_PENDING);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * RollForFirst takes a player index and a value which represents the pips on the die
+ * that the player rolled. It represents and attempt to roll the highest die and go
+ * first.
+ *
+ * Players can roll in any order. Each time a player rolls, the event checks to see if
+ * everyone has rolled and if there is a winner, it sets that person as the first active
+ * player and ends the rollling-for-first stage of the game. If there was a tie, those
+ * players are expected to re-roll as a tie breaker. Re-rolling continues until someone
+ * wins.
+ */
+export class RollForFirst implements GameEvent {
+	kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst;
+	player: number;
+	value: number;
+
+	constructor(event: GameEventData) {
+		this.kind = GameEventKind.RollForFirst;
+
+		const player = throwIfNoPlayer(event);
+		const value = throwIfNoValueNumber(event);
+
+		this.player = player;
+		this.value = value;
+	}
+
+	run(state: State) {
+		const scores = state.scores ?? [];
+
+		throwIfGameOver(state);
+
+		if (state.playing !== undefined) {
+			throw new Error("first player has already been selected");
+		}
+
+		if (scores.length <= this.player) {
+			throw new Error("this player index is out of bounds");
+		}
+
+		if (scores[this.player] !== FIRST_ROLL_PENDING) {
+			throw new Error("this player has already rolled");
+		}
+
+		scores[this.player] = this.value;
+
+		let best = 0;
+		let winningIndex = -1;
+		const ties = new Set<number>();
+
+		// check for a winner
+		for (let i = 0; i < scores.length; i++) {
+			const score = scores[i];
+
+			// if someone hasn't rolled, no winner yet
+			if (score === 0) {
+				best = 0;
+				winningIndex = -1;
+				ties.clear();
+				break;
+			}
+
+			if (score > best) {
+				// This is the new high score...
+				best = score;
+				winningIndex = i;
+				ties.clear();
+			} else if (score === best) {
+				// ...or it is tied for the best score.
+				ties.add(winningIndex);
+				ties.add(i);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (winningIndex > -1) {
+			// If a winner was found...
+			if (ties.size < 1) {
+				// ...and there are no ties...
+				state.playing = winningIndex;
+				state.scores = scores.fill(0);
+				state.dieCount = 6;
+			} else {
+				// ...otherwise, setup for tie breaking rolls.
+				state.scores = scores.map((_, i) =>
+					ties.has(i) ? FIRST_ROLL_PENDING : FIRST_ROLL_LOST,
+				);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Roll takes a player index and a value which is an array of numbers representing the
+ * number of pips on each rolled die. The Roll event represents a player rolling however
+ * many dice they have available.
+ */
+export class Roll implements GameEvent {
+	kind: GameEventKind.Roll;
+	player: number;
+	value: number[];
+
+	constructor(event: GameEventData) {
+		this.kind = GameEventKind.Roll;
+
+		const player = throwIfNoPlayer(event);
+		const value = throwIfNoValueArray(event);
+
+		this.player = player;
+		this.value = value;
+	}
+
+	run(state: State) {
+		const scores = state.scores ?? [];
+
+		throwIfGameOver(state);
+		throwIfWrongTurn(state, this.player);
+
+		if (state.dieCount !== this.value.length) {
+			throw new Error("player is rolling the wrong number if dice");
+		}
+
+		if (state.dice !== undefined) {
+			throw new Error("player has already rolled");
+		}
+
+		state.dice = this.value;
+		delete state.dieCount;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Hold takes a player index and a value which is an array of numbers representing
+ * indexes of rolled dice that a player wants to hold. Hold represents the part of a
+ * player's turn where they select scoring dice to hold onto.
+ *
+ * If the player holds all the dice, the number of dice they can roll will reset to 6,
+ * and they will be required to roll again (a player must always roll when they have 6)
+ * dice available.
+ */
+export class Hold implements GameEvent {
+	kind: GameEventKind.Hold;
+	player: number;
+	value: number[];
+
+	constructor(event: GameEventData) {
+		this.kind = GameEventKind.Hold;
+
+		const player = throwIfNoPlayer(event);
+		const value = throwIfNoValueArray(event);
+
+		this.player = player;
+		this.value = value;
+	}
+
+	run(state: State) {
+		const { dice } = state;
+
+		throwIfGameOver(state);
+		throwIfWrongTurn(state, this.player);
+
+		if (!dice) {
+			throw new Error("player hasn't rolled yet");
+		}
+
+		if (this.value.length < 1) {
+			throw new Error("player cannot hold 0 dice");
+		}
+
+		// heldValues represents the actual values of the held dice based on the indexes
+		// of the held dice.
+		const heldValues = this.value.map((val) => {
+			if (dice[val] === undefined) {
+				throw new Error("player is trying to hold non-existent dice");
+			}
+
+			return dice[val];
+		});
+
+		const counts = new Map<number, number>();
+		let total = 0;
+
+		const valueSet = new Set(heldValues);
+		if (valueSet.size === 6) {
+			// Detect a run of six: if the held values create a set of values with a size
+			// of six, then, since there are only six dice, it MUST be a run of six.
+			total = 2_000;
+		} else if (valueSet.size === 2 && this.value.length === 6) {
+			// Detect two threes of a kind: if the number of held values was six, and the
+			// set of unique values is two, then there MUST have been two threes of a
+			// kind.
+			total = 1_500;
+		} else {
+			// A player can use a "push" if they are using every one of their rolled
+			// dice.
+			let canPush = this.value.length === dice.length;
+
+			for (const val of heldValues) {
+				const count = counts.get(val) ?? 0;
+				counts.set(val, count + 1);
+			}
+
+			for (let pips = 1; pips <= 6; pips++) {
+				if (!counts.has(pips)) continue;
+
+				// This for sure exists because of the check at t he top of the loop.
+				const count = counts.get(pips)!;
+				const pipsScore = scorePips(count, pips);
+
+				if (!pipsScore) {
+					// The player can only hold scoring dice...
+					if (!canPush || count !== 2) {
+						throw new Error("player is holding non-scoring dice");
+					} else {
+						// ...unless they have a push.
+						canPush = false;
+					}
+				}
+
+				total += pipsScore;
+			}
+		}
+
+		state.dieCount = dice.length - this.value.length;
+		state.heldScore = total;
+		delete state.dice;
+
+		if (state.dieCount === 0) {
+			state.dieCount = 6;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Score takes a player index and a value which is a number representing the number of
+ * points that a player has accrued by rolling and holding dice. Once a player has
+ * scored, the active player is passed on to the next player and the players total score
+ * is updated.
+ *
+ * If a player's score matches or exceeds 10,000, then a turn countdown begins, allowing
+ * all the remaining players to take one more turn before the game ends.
+ */
+export class Score implements GameEvent {
+	kind: GameEventKind.Score;
+	player: number;
+	value: number;
+
+	constructor(event: GameEventData) {
+		const player = throwIfNoPlayer(event);
+		const value = throwIfNoValueNumber(event);
+
+		this.kind = GameEventKind.Score;
+		this.player = player;
+		this.value = value;
+	}
+
+	run(state: State) {
+		const { dieCount, heldScore, scores } = state;
+		const playerCount = scores?.length ?? 0;
+
+		throwIfGameOver(state);
+		throwIfWrongTurn(state, this.player);
+
+		if (dieCount === 6) {
+			throw new Error("player must roll when they have six free dice");
+		}
+
+		if (this.value !== state.heldScore) {
+			throw new Error("player score must match the held score");
+		}
+
+		// It's safe to tell the compiler that the player is not undefined because of the
+		// check above.
+		state.scores![this.player] += heldScore ?? 0;
+
+		// Increment the index of the active player, circling back to 1 if the player
+		// who just scored was the last player in the array.
+		state.playing =
+			playerCount - 1 === this.player
+				? (state.playing = 0)
+				: (state.playing = this.player + 1);
+
+		state.dieCount = 6;
+		delete state.heldScore;
+
+		// If there is an active turn countdown, then now is the time to decrement it,
+		// otherwise, if the player has crossed 10,000, then it's time to start the
+		// turn countdown.
+		if (state.turnCountdown !== undefined) {
+			state.turnCountdown--;
+		} else if (state.scores![this.player] >= GAME_SCORE_THRESHOLD) {
+			state.turnCountdown = playerCount - 1;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+function scorePips(count: number, pips: number) {
+	if (count < 3) {
+		// If not a three of a kind, return the raw dice value...
+		return pipScore(pips) * count;
+	}
+
+	// ...otherwise, this is a three or more of a kind.
+	if (pips === 1) {
+		// Ones are treated as 10s.
+		pips = 10;
+	}
+
+	// Three of a kind is the pips times 100, times two for each additional rolled dice.
+	return pips * 100 * (count - 2);
+}
+
+/**
+ * TODO: There are variations to the rules of ten thousand. It would be interesting if
+ *       code like this could actually come from a setting somewhere.
+ */
+function pipScore(pips: number) {
+	switch (pips) {
+		case 1:
+			return 100;
+		case 5:
+			return 50;
+		default:
+			return 0;
+	}
+}
+
+function throwIfNoPlayer(event: GameEventData): number {
+	if (event.player === undefined) {
+		throw new Error("missing player index");
+	}
+
+	return event.player;
+}
+
+function throwIfNoValueNumber({ value }: GameEventData): number {
+	if (typeof value !== "number") {
+		throw new Error("missing value");
+	}
+
+	return value;
+}
+
+function throwIfNoValueArray({ value }: GameEventData): number[] {
+	if (!Array.isArray(value)) {
+		throw new Error("missing value array");
+	}
+
+	return value;
+}
+
+function throwIfGameOver(state: State) {
+	if (state.turnCountdown === 0) throw new Error("the game is over");
+}
+
+function throwIfWrongTurn(state: State, player: number) {
+	if (state.playing === undefined || state.playing !== player)
+		throw new Error("it's not this player's turn");
+}

src/lib/Listing.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import { hasProperty } from "$lib/validation";
+
+export interface Listing<T> {
+	id: string;
+	createdAt: string;
+	modifiedAt: string | null;
+	deleted: boolean;
+	data: T;
+}
+
+export function isListing<T>(
+	target: unknown,
+	dataGuard?: (target: unknown) => target is T
+): target is Listing<T> {
+	if (!hasProperty(target, "id", "string")) return false;
+	if (!hasProperty(target, "createdAt", "string")) return false;
+
+	if (!hasProperty(target, "modifiedAt", "null")) {
+		if (!hasProperty(target, "modifiedAt", "string")) return false;
+	}
+
+	if (!hasProperty(target, "deleted", "boolean")) return false;
+	if (!hasProperty(target, "data", "object")) return false;
+
+	return dataGuard?.((target as any)["data"]) ?? true;
+}

src/lib/ServerResponse.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import type { Listing } from "$lib/Listing";
+import { hasProperty } from "$lib/validation";
+
+export type ServerResponse =
+	| { item: Listing<unknown> }
+	| { items: Listing<unknown>[] }
+	| { error: string };
+
+export function isServerResponse(target: unknown): target is ServerResponse {
+	if (hasProperty(target, "item", "object")) return true;
+	if (hasProperty(target, "items", "object[]")) return true;
+	if (hasProperty(target, "error", "string")) return true;
+	return false;
+}

src/lib/State.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+export interface State {
+	dice?: number[];
+	dieCount?: number;
+	gameOver?: boolean;
+	heldScore?: number;
+	playing?: number;
+	scores?: number[];
+	turnCountdown?: number;
+}

src/lib/index.ts

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-// place files you want to import through the `$lib` alias in this folder.

src/lib/server/Game.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import type { Id } from "./Id";
+import type { GameData } from "../GameData";
+import type { State } from "../State";
+
+export class Game implements GameData {
+	players: Id[];
+	isStarted: boolean;
+	state: State;
+
+	constructor() {
+		this.players = [];
+		this.isStarted = false;
+		this.state = {};
+	}
+
+	addPlayer(id: Id) {
+		this.players.push(id);
+	}
+
+	start() {
+		if (this.isStarted) throw new Error("game is already started");
+
+		this.isStarted = true;
+	}
+}

src/lib/server/Id.ts

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export type Id = string;

src/lib/server/cache.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import type { GameData } from "../GameData";
+import type { Listing } from "./modifyListing";
+
+export const games: Listing<GameData>[] = [];

src/lib/server/getDiceRoll.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+export function getDiceRoll(dieCount: number, rand: () => number = Math.random) {
+	const dice: number[] = [];
+	for (let i = 0; i < dieCount; i++) {
+		const value = Math.floor(rand() * 7);
+		dice.push(value);
+	}
+
+	return dice;
+}

src/lib/server/modifyListing.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { randomUUID } from "crypto";
+import type { Listing } from "$lib/Listing";
+
+export function createNewListing<T>(data: T): Listing<T> {
+	return {
+		id: randomUUID(),
+		createdAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+		modifiedAt: null,
+		deleted: false,
+		data
+	};
+}
+
+export function updateListing<T>(listing: Listing<T>, data: T): Listing<T> {
+	return {
+		...listing,
+		modifiedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+		data
+	};
+}

src/lib/server/responseBodies.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+export function listResponse(items: unknown[]) {
+	return Response.json({ items });
+}
+
+export function singleResponse(item: unknown) {
+	return Response.json({ item });
+}
+
+export function badRequestResponse(error: string = "Bad Request") {
+	return Response.json({ error }, { status: 400 });
+}
+
+export function notFoundResponse() {
+	return Response.json({ error: "Not Found" }, { status: 404 });
+}
+
+export function serverErrorResponse() {
+	return Response.json({ error: "Unexpected Server Error" }, { status: 500 });
+}

src/lib/server/test/Game.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import { describe, it } from "node:test";
+import { Game } from "../../Game";
+import { deepEqual, ok, throws } from "node:assert/strict";
+
+describe("Game", () => {
+	describe("addPlayer", () => {
+		it("should push a player id into the player array", () => {
+			const game = new Game();
+			deepEqual(game.players, []);
+
+			game.addPlayer("some-id");
+			deepEqual(game.players, ["some-id"]);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe("start", () => {
+		it("start shoud start the game", () => {
+			const game = new Game();
+			game.isStarted = false;
+
+			game.start();
+			ok(game.isStarted);
+		});
+
+		it("start should throw if the game is already started", () => {
+			const game = new Game();
+
+			game.start();
+			throws(() => game.start());
+		});
+	});
+});

src/lib/server/test/GameData.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import { describe, it } from "node:test";
+import { GameData, isGameData } from "../../GameData";
+import { equal, ok } from "node:assert/strict";
+
+describe("GameData", () => {
+	describe("isGameData", () => {
+		it("rejects a malformed object", () => {
+			let data: unknown = {
+				players: ["id", 3],
+				isStarted: false,
+				state: {},
+			};
+			equal(isGameData(data), false);
+
+			data = {
+				players: ["id"],
+				isStarted: null,
+				state: {},
+			};
+			equal(isGameData(data), false);
+
+			data = {
+				players: ["id"],
+				isStarted: false,
+			};
+			equal(isGameData(data), false);
+		});
+
+		it("rejects an object with extra properties", () => {
+			const data: GameData & { extra: boolean } = {
+				players: ["id"],
+				isStarted: false,
+				state: {},
+				extra: true,
+			};
+
+			equal(isGameData(data), false);
+		});
+
+		it("should accept a proper GameData object", () => {
+			const data: GameData = {
+				players: ["id"],
+				state: {},
+				isStarted: false,
+			};
+
+			ok(isGameData(data));
+		});
+	});
+});

src/lib/server/test/GameEvent.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,991 @@
+import {
+	FIRST_ROLL_LOST,
+	FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+	GameEventKind,
+	getGameEvent,
+	Hold,
+	isGameEventData,
+	Roll,
+	RollForFirst,
+	Score,
+	SeatPlayers,
+} from "../../GameEvent";
+import type { GameEventData } from "../../GameEvent";
+import type { GameData } from "../../GameData";
+import { describe, it } from "node:test";
+import type { State } from "../../State";
+import { doesNotThrow, deepStrictEqual, equal, ok, throws } from "assert";
+
+describe("Game Events", () => {
+	describe("isGameEventData", () => {
+		it("should return false if the target is not an object", () => {
+			// const target = {
+			// 	kind: GameEventKind.Hold,
+			// 	player: 0,
+			// 	value: [1, 4],
+			// };
+
+			equal(isGameEventData("target"), false);
+		});
+
+		it("should return false if the target has no kind", () => {
+			const target = {
+				player: 0,
+				value: [1, 4],
+			};
+
+			equal(isGameEventData(target), false);
+		});
+
+		it("should return false if the target has uknown keys", () => {
+			const target = {
+				kind: GameEventKind.Hold,
+				player: 0,
+				value: [1, 4],
+				isWeird: true,
+			};
+
+			equal(isGameEventData(target), false);
+		});
+
+		it("should return true of the target is a GameEventData", () => {
+			const target = {
+				kind: GameEventKind.Hold,
+				player: 0,
+				value: [1, 4],
+			};
+
+			ok(isGameEventData(target));
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe("getGameEvent", () => {
+		it("should throw if the kind is unkown", () => {
+			const data: GameData = {
+				isStarted: false,
+				players: ["42", "1,"],
+				state: {},
+			};
+
+			const event: GameEventData = {
+				kind: "GameEventKind",
+				player: 0,
+				value: [1, 2],
+			};
+
+			throws(() => getGameEvent(data, event));
+		});
+
+		it("should throw when SeatPlayers has the wrong number of players", () => {
+			const data: GameData = {
+				isStarted: true,
+				players: ["42", "1,"],
+				state: {},
+			};
+
+			const event: GameEventData = {
+				kind: GameEventKind.SeatPlayers,
+				value: 3,
+			};
+
+			throws(() => getGameEvent(data, event));
+		});
+
+		it("should return a SeatPlayers object when the number of players is correct", () => {
+			const data: GameData = {
+				isStarted: true,
+				players: ["42", "1,"],
+				state: {},
+			};
+
+			const event: GameEventData = {
+				kind: GameEventKind.SeatPlayers,
+				value: 2,
+			};
+
+			ok(getGameEvent(data, event) instanceof SeatPlayers);
+		});
+
+		it("should throw an error if the player passes a full roll with Roll", () => {
+			const data: GameData = {
+				isStarted: true,
+				players: ["42", "1,"],
+				state: {},
+			};
+
+			const event: GameEventData = {
+				kind: GameEventKind.Roll,
+				player: 0,
+				value: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6],
+			};
+
+			throws(() => getGameEvent(data, event));
+		});
+
+		it("should return a Roll object with dice values when the player passes a die count as a value", () => {
+			const data: GameData = {
+				isStarted: true,
+				players: ["42", "1,"],
+				state: {},
+			};
+
+			const event: GameEventData = {
+				kind: GameEventKind.Roll,
+				player: 0,
+				value: 4,
+			};
+
+			const roll = getGameEvent(data, event);
+
+			ok(roll instanceof Roll);
+			ok(Array.isArray(roll.value));
+			equal(roll.value.length, 4);
+		});
+
+		it("should return the class that corresponds with a given kind", () => {
+			const data: GameData = {
+				isStarted: true,
+				players: ["42", "1,"],
+				state: {},
+			};
+
+			const event: GameEventData = {
+				kind: "",
+				player: 0,
+				value: 4,
+			};
+
+			const rollForFirst = getGameEvent(data, {
+				...event,
+				kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst,
+			});
+
+			const hold = getGameEvent(data, {
+				...event,
+				value: [0, 1, 3],
+				kind: GameEventKind.Hold,
+			});
+
+			const score = getGameEvent(data, {
+				...event,
+				value: 2_000,
+				kind: GameEventKind.Score,
+			});
+
+			ok(rollForFirst instanceof RollForFirst);
+			ok(hold instanceof Hold);
+			ok(score instanceof Score);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe("SeatPlayers", () => {
+		describe("constructor", () => {
+			it("should throw when value is not a number", () => {
+				throws(() => new SeatPlayers({ kind: GameEventKind.SeatPlayers, value: [1] }));
+			});
+		});
+
+		describe("run", () => {
+			it("should throw if the game is over", () => {
+				const ev = new SeatPlayers({ kind: GameEventKind.SeatPlayers, value: 3 });
+				const state: State = { turnCountdown: 0 };
+
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+			});
+
+			it("should throw if players are already seated", () => {
+				const ev = new SeatPlayers({ kind: GameEventKind.SeatPlayers, value: 3 });
+				const state: State = {};
+
+				doesNotThrow(() => ev.run(state), "should not throw before players are seated");
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+			});
+
+			it("should seat the number of players provided", () => {
+				const ev = new SeatPlayers({ kind: GameEventKind.SeatPlayers, value: 4 });
+				const state: State = {};
+
+				ev.run(state);
+				deepStrictEqual(state.scores, [0, 0, 0, 0]);
+			});
+		});
+	});
+
+	// TODO: Some of these tests rely on implementation details in an undesirable way.
+	//       It might be better to add some features to State so that we can examine it
+	//       and understand its meaning without having to understand all the gritty
+	//       details.
+	describe("RollForFirst", () => {
+		describe("constructor", () => {
+			it("should throw if player is missing", () => {
+				throws(() => new RollForFirst({ kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst, value: 5 }));
+			});
+
+			it("should throw if the value is not a number", () => {
+				throws(
+					() =>
+						new RollForFirst({ kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst, player: 0, value: [4] }),
+				);
+			});
+		});
+
+		describe("run", () => {
+			it("should throw if the game is over", () => {
+				const ev = new RollForFirst({
+					kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst,
+					player: 0,
+					value: 3,
+				});
+				const state: State = {
+					scores: [FIRST_ROLL_PENDING, FIRST_ROLL_PENDING],
+					turnCountdown: 0,
+				};
+
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+			});
+
+			it("should throw if the game has already started", () => {
+				const ev = new RollForFirst({
+					kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst,
+					player: 0,
+					value: 3,
+				});
+				const state: State = {
+					scores: [FIRST_ROLL_PENDING, FIRST_ROLL_PENDING],
+					playing: 0,
+				};
+
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+			});
+
+			it("should throw if the player index is out of bounds", () => {
+				const ev = new RollForFirst({
+					kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst,
+					player: 2,
+					value: 3,
+				});
+				const state: State = { scores: [FIRST_ROLL_PENDING, FIRST_ROLL_PENDING] };
+
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+				console.log("done");
+			});
+
+			it("should throw if the player has already rolled", () => {
+				const ev = new RollForFirst({
+					kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst,
+					player: 1,
+					value: 3,
+				});
+				const state: State = { scores: [FIRST_ROLL_PENDING, FIRST_ROLL_PENDING] };
+
+				doesNotThrow(() => ev.run(state));
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+			});
+
+			it("should set the players score to match the dice roll", () => {
+				const ev = new RollForFirst({
+					kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst,
+					player: 1,
+					value: 3,
+				});
+				const state: State = { scores: [FIRST_ROLL_PENDING, FIRST_ROLL_PENDING] };
+
+				ev.run(state);
+				deepStrictEqual(state, { scores: [FIRST_ROLL_PENDING, 3] });
+			});
+
+			it("should reset the scores and set the winning player when everyone has rolled", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					scores: [
+						FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+						FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+						FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+						FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+					],
+				};
+
+				let ev = new RollForFirst({
+					kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst,
+					player: 1,
+					value: 4,
+				});
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				ev = new RollForFirst({ kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst, player: 0, value: 3 });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				ev = new RollForFirst({ kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst, player: 2, value: 6 });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				deepStrictEqual(state, { scores: [3, 4, 6, 0] });
+
+				ev = new RollForFirst({ kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst, player: 3, value: 4 });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				deepStrictEqual(state, {
+					dieCount: 6,
+					scores: [
+						FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+						FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+						FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+						FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+					],
+					playing: 2,
+				});
+			});
+
+			it("should reset tied players for tie breaker", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					scores: [
+						FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+						FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+						FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+						FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+					],
+				};
+
+				let ev = new RollForFirst({
+					kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst,
+					player: 3,
+					value: 5,
+				});
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				ev = new RollForFirst({ kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst, player: 0, value: 5 });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				ev = new RollForFirst({ kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst, player: 1, value: 3 });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				ev = new RollForFirst({ kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst, player: 2, value: 1 });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				deepStrictEqual(state, {
+					scores: [
+						FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+						FIRST_ROLL_LOST,
+						FIRST_ROLL_LOST,
+						FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+					],
+				});
+			});
+
+			it("should throw if a player whose lost tries to roll again", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					scores: [
+						FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+						FIRST_ROLL_LOST,
+						FIRST_ROLL_LOST,
+						FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+					],
+				};
+
+				const ev = new RollForFirst({
+					kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst,
+					player: 1,
+					value: 3,
+				});
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+			});
+
+			it("should allow tied players to keep rolling until somoene wins", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					scores: [
+						FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+						FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+						FIRST_ROLL_LOST,
+						FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+					],
+				};
+
+				// simulate another 3-way tie
+				let ev = new RollForFirst({
+					kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst,
+					player: 0,
+					value: 5,
+				});
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				ev = new RollForFirst({ kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst, player: 1, value: 5 });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				ev = new RollForFirst({ kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst, player: 3, value: 5 });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				deepStrictEqual(
+					state,
+					{
+						scores: [
+							FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+							FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+							FIRST_ROLL_LOST,
+							FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+						],
+					},
+					"shouldn't change in a 3-way tie",
+				);
+
+				// simulate a 2-way tie
+				ev = new RollForFirst({ kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst, player: 0, value: 2 });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				ev = new RollForFirst({ kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst, player: 1, value: 1 });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				ev = new RollForFirst({ kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst, player: 3, value: 2 });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				deepStrictEqual(
+					state,
+					{
+						scores: [
+							FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+							FIRST_ROLL_LOST,
+							FIRST_ROLL_LOST,
+							FIRST_ROLL_PENDING,
+						],
+					},
+					"should update for a smaller tie",
+				);
+
+				// finally find a winner
+				ev = new RollForFirst({ kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst, player: 0, value: 3 });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				ev = new RollForFirst({ kind: GameEventKind.RollForFirst, player: 3, value: 1 });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				deepStrictEqual(
+					state,
+					{
+						dieCount: 6,
+						scores: [0, 0, 0, 0],
+						playing: 0,
+					},
+					"should finally select a winner",
+				);
+			});
+		});
+	});
+
+	// TODO: It's very hard to tell if these tests are throwing for the right reason.
+	//       Some system should be devised for making sure that the correct errors are
+	//       being thrown.
+	describe("Roll", () => {
+		describe("constructor", () => {
+			it("should throw if player is missing", () => {
+				throws(() => new Roll({ kind: GameEventKind.Roll, value: 5 }));
+			});
+
+			it("should throw if the value is not a number array", () => {
+				throws(() => new Roll({ kind: GameEventKind.Roll, player: 0, value: 4 }));
+			});
+		});
+
+		describe("run", () => {
+			it("should throw if the game is over", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					scores: [0, 0],
+					dieCount: 6,
+					playing: 0,
+					turnCountdown: 0,
+				};
+
+				const ev = new Roll({
+					kind: GameEventKind.Roll,
+					player: 0,
+					value: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6],
+				});
+
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+			});
+
+			it("should throw if it's not the player's turn", () => {
+				const state: State = { scores: [0, 0], dieCount: 6, playing: 1 };
+				const ev = new Roll({
+					kind: GameEventKind.Roll,
+					player: 0,
+					value: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6],
+				});
+
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+			});
+
+			it("should throw if the player index is out of bounds", () => {
+				const state: State = { scores: [0, 0], dieCount: 6, playing: 0 };
+				const ev = new Roll({
+					kind: GameEventKind.Roll,
+					player: 3,
+					value: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6],
+				});
+
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+			});
+
+			it("should throw if the player is rolling more dice than they have", () => {
+				const state: State = { scores: [0, 0], dieCount: 4, playing: 0 };
+				const ev = new Roll({
+					kind: GameEventKind.Roll,
+					player: 0,
+					value: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6],
+				});
+
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+			});
+
+			it("should throw if the player has already rolled", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					scores: [0, 0],
+					dieCount: 6,
+					playing: 0,
+					dice: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6],
+				};
+
+				const ev = new Roll({
+					kind: GameEventKind.Roll,
+					player: 0,
+					value: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6],
+				});
+
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+			});
+
+			it("should set the dice when the player rolls", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					scores: [0, 0],
+					dieCount: 4,
+					playing: 0,
+				};
+
+				const ev = new Roll({ kind: GameEventKind.Roll, player: 0, value: [1, 2, 3, 4] });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				deepStrictEqual(state, {
+					scores: [0, 0],
+					playing: 0,
+					dice: [1, 2, 3, 4],
+				});
+			});
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe("Hold", () => {
+		describe("constructor", () => {
+			it("should throw if player missing", () => {
+				throws(() => new Hold({ kind: GameEventKind.Hold, value: [0] }));
+			});
+
+			it("should throw if the value is not a number array", () => {
+				throws(() => new Hold({ kind: GameEventKind.Hold, player: 0, value: 3 }));
+			});
+		});
+
+		describe("run", () => {
+			it("should throw if the game is over", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+					playing: 0,
+					dice: [1, 1, 5, 3],
+					turnCountdown: 0,
+				};
+				const ev = new Hold({ kind: GameEventKind.Hold, player: 0, value: [0, 1, 2] });
+
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+			});
+
+			it("should throw if it is not the player's turn", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+					playing: 1,
+					dice: [1, 1, 5, 3],
+				};
+				const ev = new Hold({ kind: GameEventKind.Hold, player: 0, value: [0, 1, 2] });
+
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+			});
+
+			it("should throw if the player has not rolled yet", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+					playing: 0,
+				};
+				const ev = new Hold({ kind: GameEventKind.Hold, player: 0, value: [0, 1, 2] });
+
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+			});
+
+			it("should throw if the player is trying to hold no dice", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+					playing: 0,
+					dice: [1, 1, 5, 3],
+				};
+				const ev = new Hold({ kind: GameEventKind.Hold, player: 0, value: [] });
+
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+			});
+
+			it("should throw if the player is trying to hold non-existent dice", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+					playing: 0,
+					dice: [1, 1, 5, 3],
+				};
+				const ev = new Hold({ kind: GameEventKind.Hold, player: 0, value: [0, 2, 9] });
+
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+			});
+
+			it("should throw if the player is trying to hold non-scoring, non-push dice", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+					playing: 0,
+					dice: [1, 1, 5, 3],
+				};
+				const ev = new Hold({ kind: GameEventKind.Hold, player: 0, value: [0, 2, 3] });
+
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+			});
+
+			it("should allow the player to hold ones for 100", () => {
+				let state: State = {
+					dice: [1, 1, 5, 3],
+					playing: 0,
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+				};
+
+				let ev = new Hold({ kind: GameEventKind.Hold, player: 0, value: [0] });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				deepStrictEqual(state, {
+					dieCount: 3,
+					heldScore: 100,
+					playing: 0,
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+				});
+
+				state = {
+					dice: [1, 1, 5, 3],
+					playing: 0,
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+				};
+
+				ev = new Hold({ kind: GameEventKind.Hold, player: 0, value: [0, 1] });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				deepStrictEqual(state, {
+					dieCount: 2,
+					heldScore: 200,
+					playing: 0,
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+				});
+			});
+
+			it("should allow the player to hold fives for 50", () => {
+				let state: State = {
+					dice: [5, 5, 5, 3],
+					playing: 0,
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+				};
+
+				let ev = new Hold({ kind: GameEventKind.Hold, player: 0, value: [0] });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				deepStrictEqual(state, {
+					dieCount: 3,
+					heldScore: 50,
+					playing: 0,
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+				});
+
+				state = {
+					dice: [5, 5, 5, 3],
+					playing: 0,
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+				};
+
+				ev = new Hold({ kind: GameEventKind.Hold, player: 0, value: [0, 1] });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				deepStrictEqual(state, {
+					dieCount: 2,
+					heldScore: 100,
+					playing: 0,
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+				});
+			});
+
+			it("should allow the player to hold three of a kind", () => {
+				testNOfAKind(3);
+			});
+
+			it("should allow the player to hold four of a kind", () => {
+				testNOfAKind(4);
+			});
+
+			it("should allow the player to hold five of a kind", () => {
+				testNOfAKind(5);
+			});
+
+			it("should allow the player to hold six of a kind", () => {
+				testNOfAKind(6);
+			});
+
+			it("should allow the player to hold a run of six for 2,000 points", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					dice: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6],
+					playing: 0,
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+				};
+
+				const ev = new Hold({
+					kind: GameEventKind.Hold,
+					player: 0,
+					value: [1, 0, 2, 5, 4, 3],
+				});
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				deepStrictEqual(state, {
+					dieCount: 6,
+					heldScore: 2_000,
+					playing: 0,
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+				});
+			});
+
+			it("should allow the player to hold 2 threes of a kind for 1,500 points", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					dice: [2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3],
+					playing: 0,
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+				};
+
+				const ev = new Hold({
+					kind: GameEventKind.Hold,
+					player: 0,
+					value: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
+				});
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				deepStrictEqual(state, {
+					dieCount: 6,
+					heldScore: 1_500,
+					playing: 0,
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+				});
+			});
+
+			it("shoud allow the player to re-roll on a push", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					dice: [2, 2],
+					playing: 0,
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+				};
+
+				const ev = new Hold({ kind: GameEventKind.Hold, player: 0, value: [0, 1] });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				deepStrictEqual(state, {
+					dieCount: 6,
+					heldScore: 0,
+					playing: 0,
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+				});
+			});
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe("Score", () => {
+		describe("constructor", () => {
+			it("should throw if player missing", () => {
+				throws(() => new Score({ kind: GameEventKind.Score, value: 200 }));
+			});
+
+			it("should throw if the value is not a number", () => {
+				throws(() => new Score({ kind: GameEventKind.Hold, player: 0, value: [200] }));
+			});
+		});
+
+		describe("run", () => {
+			it("should throw if the game is over", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					dieCount: 4,
+					heldScore: 200,
+					playing: 0,
+					turnCountdown: 0,
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+				};
+
+				const ev = new Score({ kind: GameEventKind.Score, player: 0, value: 200 });
+
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+			});
+
+			it("should throw if it's not the players turn", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					dieCount: 4,
+					heldScore: 200,
+					playing: 1,
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+				};
+
+				const ev = new Score({ kind: GameEventKind.Score, player: 0, value: 200 });
+
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+			});
+
+			it("should throw if the player is trying to score with 6 dice available to roll", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					dieCount: 6,
+					heldScore: 200,
+					playing: 0,
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+				};
+
+				const ev = new Score({ kind: GameEventKind.Score, player: 0, value: 200 });
+
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+			});
+
+			it("should throw if the player is trying to score a different value than the held score", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					dieCount: 4,
+					heldScore: 200,
+					playing: 0,
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+				};
+
+				const ev = new Score({ kind: GameEventKind.Score, player: 0, value: 250 });
+				throws(() => ev.run(state));
+			});
+
+			it("should add the score to the players score and activate the next player", () => {
+				let state: State = {
+					dieCount: 4,
+					heldScore: 200,
+					playing: 0,
+					scores: [0, 0, 0],
+				};
+
+				let ev = new Score({ kind: GameEventKind.Score, player: 0, value: 200 });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				deepStrictEqual(state, {
+					dieCount: 6,
+					playing: 1,
+					scores: [200, 0, 0],
+				});
+
+				state = { ...state, heldScore: 300, dieCount: 3 };
+				ev = new Score({ kind: GameEventKind.Score, player: 1, value: 300 });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				deepStrictEqual(state, {
+					dieCount: 6,
+					playing: 2,
+					scores: [200, 300, 0],
+				});
+
+				state = { ...state, heldScore: 400, dieCount: 3 };
+				ev = new Score({ kind: GameEventKind.Score, player: 2, value: 400 });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				deepStrictEqual(state, {
+					dieCount: 6,
+					playing: 0,
+					scores: [200, 300, 400],
+				});
+			});
+
+			it("should begin the turn countdown when a player crosses 10,000 points", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					dieCount: 4,
+					heldScore: 2_000,
+					playing: 0,
+					scores: [9_000, 0, 0],
+				};
+
+				const ev = new Score({ kind: GameEventKind.Score, player: 0, value: 2_000 });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				deepStrictEqual(state, {
+					dieCount: 6,
+					playing: 1,
+					turnCountdown: 2,
+					scores: [11_000, 0, 0],
+				});
+			});
+
+			it("should decrement the turn countdown when it is active", () => {
+				const state: State = {
+					dieCount: 4,
+					heldScore: 2_000,
+					turnCountdown: 2,
+					playing: 1,
+					scores: [10_000, 0, 0],
+				};
+
+				const ev = new Score({ kind: GameEventKind.Score, player: 1, value: 2_000 });
+				ev.run(state);
+
+				deepStrictEqual(state, {
+					dieCount: 6,
+					playing: 2,
+					turnCountdown: 1,
+					scores: [10_000, 2_000, 0],
+				});
+			});
+		});
+	});
+});
+
+function testNOfAKind(n: number) {
+	// Each of these arrays starts with some three of a kind.
+	const nOfAKind: number[][] = [];
+
+	for (let i = 1; i <= 6; i++) {
+		nOfAKind.push(new Array(n).fill(i));
+	}
+
+	// Check each of these arrays.
+	for (const roll of nOfAKind) {
+		// The first value in each array is part of the three of a kind.
+		const value = roll[0];
+		let expectedValue: number;
+
+		const state: State = {
+			dice: roll,
+			playing: 0,
+			scores: [0, 0, 0],
+		};
+
+		if (value === 1) {
+			// Ones are treated like tens, so three ones is 1,000.
+			expectedValue = 1_000 * (n - 2);
+		} else {
+			// All other values are treated as themselves, and three of a kind
+			// is the number of pips multiplied by 100.
+			expectedValue = value * 100 * (n - 2);
+		}
+
+		// Generate an array of the first n indexes.
+		const holdValue: number[] = [];
+		for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+			holdValue.push(i);
+		}
+
+		const ev = new Hold({ kind: GameEventKind.Hold, player: 0, value: holdValue });
+		ev.run(state);
+
+		deepStrictEqual(
+			state,
+			{
+				dieCount: 6,
+				heldScore: expectedValue,
+				playing: 0,
+				scores: [0, 0, 0],
+			},
+			`expected ${n} ${value}s to be worth ${expectedValue}`,
+		);
+	}
+}

src/lib/server/test/Listing.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import { describe, it } from "node:test";
+import { createNewListing, updateListing } from "../modifyListing";
+import { Game } from "../../Game";
+import { deepEqual, equal, ok } from "node:assert/strict";
+
+describe("Listing", () => {
+	describe("createNewListing", () => {
+		it("should create a new Listing with the provided data, and a new UUID", () => {
+			const game = new Game();
+			const listing = createNewListing(game);
+
+			ok(listing.data instanceof Game);
+			ok(listing.createdAt instanceof Date);
+			ok(listing.modifiedAt === null);
+			ok(!listing.deleted);
+			equal(typeof listing.id, "string");
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe("updateListing", () => {
+		it("should return a new listing with updated data and a modified date", () => {
+			const game = new Game();
+			const update = new Game();
+			update.isStarted = !game.isStarted;
+
+			const listing = createNewListing(game);
+			const updatedListing = updateListing(listing, update);
+
+			deepEqual(updatedListing.data, update);
+			ok(updatedListing.modifiedAt instanceof Date);
+		});
+	});
+});

src/lib/server/test/getDiceRoll.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import { describe, it } from "node:test";
+import { getDiceRoll } from "../../getDiceRoll";
+import { deepEqual } from "node:assert/strict";
+
+function testRandom() {
+	const val = [0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9];
+	return () => val.shift()!;
+}
+
+describe("getDiceRoll", () => {
+	it("should return an array of numbers from 1 to 6 with a given length", () => {
+		let rand = getDiceRoll(6, testRandom());
+		deepEqual(rand, [0, 1, 3, 3, 4, 6]);
+	});
+});

src/lib/server/test/validation.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+import { describe, it } from "node:test";
+import { equal, ok } from "node:assert/strict";
+import { hasProperty, hasOnlyKeys } from "../../validation";
+
+describe("validation", () => {
+	describe("hasProperty", () => {
+		it("should return false if the property is undefined", () => {
+			const target = { some: "property" };
+			const result = hasProperty(target, "important", "string");
+
+			equal(result, false);
+		});
+
+		it("should return false if passed a non-object", () => {
+			const target = 45;
+			const result = hasProperty(target, "important", "string");
+
+			equal(result, false);
+		});
+
+		it("should return false if passed null", () => {
+			const target = null;
+			const result = hasProperty(target, "important", "string");
+
+			equal(result, false);
+		});
+
+		it("should return false if passed undefined", () => {
+			const target = undefined;
+			const result = hasProperty(target, "important", "string");
+
+			equal(result, false);
+		});
+
+		it("should return false if the property is of the wrong type", () => {
+			const target = { important: 45 };
+			const result = hasProperty(target, "important", "string");
+
+			equal(result, false);
+		});
+
+		it("should return true if the property is the correct type", () => {
+			const target = {
+				first: "string",
+				second: 2,
+				third: false,
+				fourth: null,
+				fifth: { something: "important" },
+				sixth: ["one", "two"],
+			};
+
+			ok(hasProperty(target, "first", "string"));
+			ok(hasProperty(target, "second", "number"));
+			ok(hasProperty(target, "third", "boolean"));
+			ok(hasProperty(target, "fourth", "null"));
+			ok(hasProperty(target, "fifth", "object"));
+			ok(hasProperty(target, "sixth", "array"));
+		});
+
+		it("should return false if passed an array type and the property isn't an array", () => {
+			const target = {
+				arr: "not array",
+			};
+
+			equal(hasProperty(target, "arr", "string[]"), false);
+		});
+
+		it("should return false if the defined array contains a non-matching element", () => {
+			const target = {
+				arr: ["I", "was", "born", "in", 1989],
+			};
+
+			equal(hasProperty(target, "arr", "string[]"), false);
+		});
+
+		it("should return true if all the elements in a defined array match", () => {
+			const target = {
+				arr: ["I", "was", "born", "in", "1989"],
+			};
+
+			ok(hasProperty(target, "arr", "string[]"));
+		});
+
+		it("should return true if all the elements in a defined array match one of multiple types", () => {
+			const target = {
+				arr: ["I", "was", "born", "in", 1989],
+			};
+
+			ok(hasProperty(target, "arr", "(string|number)[]"));
+		});
+
+		it("should return true if type is null but property is nullable", () => {
+			const target = {
+				nullable: null,
+			};
+
+			ok(hasProperty(target, "nullable", "string", true));
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe("hasOnlyKeys", () => {
+		it("returns false if the target is not an object", () => {
+			equal(hasOnlyKeys(45, []), false);
+		});
+
+		it("returns false has extra properties", () => {
+			const target = {
+				one: "one",
+				two: "two",
+				three: "three",
+			};
+
+			const keys = ["one", "two"];
+
+			equal(hasOnlyKeys(target, keys), false);
+		});
+
+		it("should return true if the target has only the provided keys", () => {
+			const target = {
+				one: "one",
+				two: "two",
+				three: "three",
+			};
+
+			const keys = ["one", "two", "three"];
+
+			ok(hasOnlyKeys(target, keys));
+		});
+
+		it("should return true if the target has only a subset of the provided keys", () => {
+			const target = {
+				one: "one",
+			};
+
+			const keys = ["one", "two", "three"];
+
+			ok(hasOnlyKeys(target, keys));
+		});
+	});
+});

src/lib/validation.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// hasProperty takes a target, which is unknown, propertyName and propertyType, which
+// are string and isNullable, which is a boolean. If the property exists on the target,
+// and the type of the property value matches the string passes (as determined using the
+// typeof keyword) then hasProperty returns true. An important exception: if the user
+// passes null or an array and a propertyType of "object", hasProperty will return false.
+// To check if something is an array, pass "array" and to check if something is null, pass
+// "null" as the property type. If hasProperty receives a null value, it will still return
+// true as long as "isNullable" has been set to true (it defaults to false).
+//
+// hasProperty can also receive a specific array type which resembles defining arrays of
+// items in TypeScript: e.g. string[] is an array of string, (string|number)[] is an array of
+// strings or numbers. It does not recognize the Array<string> syntax.
+export function hasProperty<T extends typeof Object>(
+	target: unknown,
+	propertyName: string,
+	propertyType: string | T,
+	isNullable: boolean = false,
+): boolean {
+	if (target === null || target === undefined) return false;
+
+	const p = (target as any)[propertyName];
+
+	if (p === undefined) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (p === null) {
+		return propertyType === "null" || isNullable;
+	}
+
+	if (typeof propertyType !== "string") {
+		return p instanceof propertyType
+	}
+	
+	if (propertyType === "array") {
+		return Array.isArray(p);
+	}
+
+	// TODO: this logic won't work on arrays of array, for instance, string[][]
+	if (propertyType.substring(propertyType.length - 2) === "[]") {
+		const types = parseArrayType(propertyType);
+
+		if (!Array.isArray(p)) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		for (const item of p) {
+			let match = false;
+
+			for (const type of types) {
+				if (typeof item === type) {
+					match = true;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (!match) {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	return typeof p === propertyType;
+}
+
+// hasOnlyKeys takes a target, which is unknown, and keys, which is a string array.
+// if the target has ONLY own properties that are listed on the string array, then
+// hasOnlyKeys returns true. If there is any extra properties, it returns false.
+//
+// hasOnlyKeys does not make sure that the keys provided exist on the target, only
+// that keys not provided do not exist.
+export function hasOnlyKeys(target: unknown, keys: string[]) {
+	if (typeof target !== "object") return false;
+
+	const keySet = new Set(keys);
+	for (const key in target) {
+		if (target.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+			if (!keySet.has(key)) return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+function parseArrayType(propertyType: string): string[] {
+	if (propertyType[0] === "(") {
+		const typesString = propertyType.substring(1, propertyType.length - 3);
+		return typesString.split("|");
+	} else {
+		return [propertyType.substring(0, propertyType.length - 2)];
+	}
+}

src/routes/api/+server.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import type { RequestHandler } from "@sveltejs/kit";
+import { listResponse } from "../../lib/server/responseBodies"
+
+export const GET: RequestHandler = (): Response => {
+	return listResponse(["games", "players"]);
+}

src/routes/api/games/+server.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import type { RequestHandler } from "@sveltejs/kit";
+import { listResponse, singleResponse } from "$lib/server/responseBodies";
+import { createNewListing } from "$lib/server/modifyListing";
+import { Game } from "$lib/server/Game";
+import { games } from "$lib/server/cache";
+
+export const GET: RequestHandler = (): Response => {
+	return listResponse(games);
+};
+
+export const POST: RequestHandler = (): Response => {
+	const newListing = createNewListing(new Game());
+	games.push(newListing);
+
+	return singleResponse(newListing.id);
+};

src/routes/api/games/[gameid]/+server.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import { games } from "$lib/server/cache";
+import { notFoundResponse, singleResponse } from "$lib/server/responseBodies";
+import type { RequestHandler } from "@sveltejs/kit";
+
+export const GET: RequestHandler = ({ params }): Response => {
+	const id = params["gameid"];
+	const game = games.find(({ id: gid }) => id === gid);
+
+	if (!game) {
+		return notFoundResponse();
+	}
+
+	return singleResponse(game);
+};

src/routes/games/+page.svelte

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<script lang="ts">
+    type GameData = {id: number, name: string, players: string[]}
+    
+    const games: GameData[] = [
+        {id: 1, name: "The Worst", players: ["Bob", "Ted", "George"]},
+        {id: 2, name: "The Best", players: ["Shelly", "William", "Abby"]},
+        {id: 3, name: "The One with the Treasure Chest", players: ["Jack"]},
+    ];
+</script>
+
+<main>
+    <h1>Let&#146;s Play Ten Thousand</h1>
+    
+    <table>
+        <thead>
+            <tr>
+                <td>No.</td>
+                <td>Name</td>
+                <td>Players</td>
+            </tr>
+        </thead>
+        <tbody>
+            {#each games as game}
+                {@render GameRow(game)}
+            {/each}
+        </tbody>
+    </table>
+</main>
+
+{#snippet GameRow (game: GameData)}
+    <tr>
+        <td>{game.id}</td>    
+        <td>{game.name}</td>
+        <td>{game.players.length}</td>
+    </tr>
+{/snippet}
+
+<style>
+    main {
+        width: 60rem;
+        margin: auto;
+    }
+
+    td {
+        border: solid black 1px;
+        padding: 1rem;
+    }
+
+    table {
+        width: 100%;
+    }
+</style>

src/routes/games/[gameid]/+page.svelte

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<script lang="ts">
+    import type { PageData } from "./$types"
+    let { data }: { data: PageData } = $props();
+</script>
+
+<main>
+    <h1>This is game {data.id}</h1>
+</main>
+
+<style>
+    main {
+        width: 60rem;
+        margin: auto;
+    }
+</style>

src/routes/games/[gameid]/+page.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import { isGameData, type GameData } from "$lib/GameData";
+import { isListing } from "$lib/Listing";
+import { isServerResponse } from "$lib/ServerResponse";
+import { error } from "@sveltejs/kit";
+import type { PageLoad } from "./$types";
+
+export const load: PageLoad = async ({ fetch, params }) => {
+	const url = `/api/games/${params.gameid}`;
+	let res: Response;
+	let body: unknown;
+
+	try {
+		res = await fetch(url);
+		body = await res.json();
+	} catch (err) {
+		error(500, "unable to call API");
+	}
+
+	if (res.status === 404) {
+		error(404, `Not Found: ${params.gameid}`);
+	}
+
+	if (!isServerResponse(body)) {
+		error(500, "expected to receive a properly formatted server response body");
+	}
+
+	if ("item" in body && isListing<GameData>(body.item, isGameData)) {
+		return body.item;
+	} else {
+		error(500, "expected response body to contain game data");
+	}
+};

tests/requests.http

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+GET http://localhost:5173/api
+Accept: application/json
+
+###
+
+GET http://localhost:5173/api/games
+Accept: application/json
+
+###
+
+POST http://localhost:5173/api/games
+Accept: application/json
+
+###
+
+GET http://localhost:5173/api/games/de4cdb8c-0346-4ac6-a7a8-b4135b2d79e3
+Accept: application/json
+
+###
+
+PUT http://localhost:5173/api/games/de4cdb8c-0346-4ac6-a7a8-b4135b2d79e3
+Accept: application/json
+Content-Type: application/json
+
+{
+    "state": {},
+    "isStarted": true,
+    "players": ["2", "45", "10"]
+}
+
+###
+
+POST http://localhost:5173/api/games/de4cdb8c-0346-4ac6-a7a8-b4135b2d79e3/turns
+Accept: application/json
+Content-Type: application/json
+
+{
+    "kind": "Roll",
+    "player": 2,
+    "value": 4
+}

vite.config.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,19 @@
-import { defineConfig } from 'vitest/config';
+import { defineConfig } from "vitest/config";
-import { sveltekit } from '@sveltejs/kit/vite';
+import { sveltekit } from "@sveltejs/kit/vite";
+import { readFileSync } from "fs";
 
 export default defineConfig({
 	plugins: [sveltekit()],
 
+	server: {
+		https: {
+			key: readFileSync(`${__dirname}/cert/key.pem`),
+			cert: readFileSync(`${__dirname}/cert/cert.pem`)
+		},
+		proxy: {}
+	},
+
 	test: {
-		include: ['src/**/*.{test,spec}.{js,ts}']
+		include: ["src/**/*.{test,spec}.{js,ts}"]
 	}
 });